Materials / Compare

Aluminum vs. Wood

Compare Aluminum vs. Wood strength, stiffness, weight and thermal properties.

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AluminumWrought
WoodNatural
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Mechanical
Yield strength276MPasourcetypical, 0.2% offset, .500 in dia specimennot given (tensile used)
Ultimate tensile strength310MPasourcetypical99MPasourcemodulus of rupture (no direct tensile value)
Compressive strengthnot sourced46.6MPasourcecompression parallel to grain (maximum crushing strength), 12% MC
Flexural strengthnot sourced99MPasourcemodulus of rupture (static bending), 12% MC
Elongation at break17%sourcetypical, in 4D, 0.500 in dia specimennot sourced
Young's modulus (stiffness)68.3GPasourcetypical12.5GPasourcebending MOE, parallel to grain
Density2,700kg/m³sourcenominalnot sourced
Strength to weight102kN·m/kgnot sourced
Stiffness to weight25.3MN·m/kgnot sourced
Poisson's ratio0.33sourcetypical (handbook physical constant)0.35sourcemu_LR (red oak group, ~12% MC)
Shear modulus25.7GPa5.55x stiffer in shear4.63GPa
Bulk modulus67GPa13.9GPa
Speed of sound5,030m/snot sourced
Thermal
Thermal conductivity167W/m·Ksourcetypical, 20 °C0.18W/m·Ksourceacross grain, 12% MC (Table 4-7, approximate)
Thermal expansion23.6µm/m·Ksourcetypical, mean 20-100 °C3.1–4.5µm/m·Ksourceparallel to grain, ovendry wood, range across species
100 mm part over a 50 °C swing118µm growth19µm growth6.21x less
Specific heat896J/kg·Ksourcetypical, at 100 °C1,700J/kg·Ksourcesolid wood (all species), 12% MC, 27 C
Heats up and cools (diffusivity)69mm²/snot sourced
Thermal shock resistance19,159W/m78.6x more resistant244W/m
Melting point582–652°Csourcesolidus-liquidusnot sourced
Values for6061-T6/T651, Kaiser Aluminum typical properties (sheet, coil & plate datasheet); Poisson from MIL-HDBK-5JNorthern red oak (Quercus rubra), clear straight-grained specimens at 12% MC, parallel to grain unless stated; USDA FPL Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282 (2021) Ch. 4 and Ch. 5

Every value links to the document that states it. "Not sourced" means no citable source states it (or only a specification minimum); figures computed from it are left out too.

Questions

Is Aluminum stronger than Wood?

Aluminum is stronger: its yield strength is 276 MPa against tensile strength 99 MPa for Wood (2.79x).

Which is stiffer, Aluminum or Wood?

Aluminum is stiffer: Young's modulus 68.3 GPa against 12.5 GPa for Wood, so the same part in Aluminum deflects less under the same load.

Which conducts heat better, Aluminum or Wood?

Aluminum conducts heat better: 167 W/m·K against 0.18 W/m·K for Wood.

Which expands less with temperature?

Wood expands less: 3.8 µm/m·K against 23.6 µm/m·K for Aluminum.

Among 59 materials

1k10k0.1110100Density (kg/m³)Young's modulus (GPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless 304Stainless 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless 303Stainless 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin Tough 2000SLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelAluminum
Stiffness against density
1k10k101001kDensity (kg/m³)Yield strength (MPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonRubberSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless 304Stainless 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless 303Stainless 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin Tough 2000SLA Resin Elastic 50ASLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelBrickAluminum
Strength against density

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