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DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium vs. Steel AISI 1018
Compare DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium vs. Steel AISI 1018 strength, stiffness, weight and thermal properties.
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|---|---|---|
| Mechanical | ||
| Yield strength | 1,100MPasourcetypical, as built, average of horizontal + vertical (M400) | 372MPasourceproducer-stated, cold drawn |
| Ultimate tensile strength | 1,270MPasourcetypical, as built, average of horizontal + vertical (M400) | 441MPasourceproducer-stated, cold drawn |
| Elongation at break | 8.7%sourcetypical at break, as built (M400) | 15%sourcein 2 in (50.8 mm) |
| Young's modulus (stiffness) | 110GPasourcesame maker and process, sibling grade: EOS Titanium Ti64 (Grade 5) on EOS M 290, as built, XY and Z, typical | 200GPasourcebase material: AISI 1025 plain carbon steel (MIL-HDBK-5J design value; ASTM A108 bar is the cold-finished carbon-steel bar spec that also covers 1018) |
| Density | 4,400kg/m³sourcetypical part density (ISO 3369), M400 | 7,861kg/m³sourcebase material: AISI 1025 plain carbon steel (MIL-HDBK-5J design value; ASTM A108 bar is the cold-finished carbon-steel bar spec that also covers 1018) |
| Strength to weight | 250kN·m/kg5.28x higher | 47.3kN·m/kg |
| Stiffness to weight | 25MN·m/kg | 25.4MN·m/kg2% higher |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.342sourcewrought TIMETAL 6-4 (TIMET measurement, mean of 10); composition-level, not DMLS-measured | 0.32sourcebase material: AISI 1025 plain carbon steel (MIL-HDBK-5J design value; ASTM A108 bar is the cold-finished carbon-steel bar spec that also covers 1018) |
| Shear modulus | 41GPa | 75.7GPa1.85x stiffer in shear |
| Bulk modulus | 116GPa | 185GPa |
| Speed of sound | 5,000m/s | 5,043m/s |
| Thermal | ||
| Thermal conductivity | 6.6W/m·Ksourcebase material: wrought Ti-6Al-4V / 6-4 ELI (TIMET datasheet), 20 °C | 51.9W/m·Ksourcebase material: AISI 1025 plain carbon steel (MIL-HDBK-5J design value; ASTM A108 bar is the cold-finished carbon-steel bar spec that also covers 1018) |
| Thermal expansion | 9µm/m·Ksourcemean 25-100 °C, ASTM E228; EOS Ti64 Grade 23 (=ELI) on EOS M 290 40 µm; condition not stated (sheet's mechanical data are heat treated) | 12µm/m·Ksourcebase material: unalloyed carbon steel, Ovako family table (S275JR, 'none alloyed structural steels', C <= 0.21%); mean 20-300 °C |
| 100 mm part over a 50 °C swing | 45µm growth33% less | 60µm growth |
| Specific heat | 580J/kg·Ksourcebase material: wrought Ti-6Al-4V / 6-4 ELI (TIMET datasheet), 20 °C | 486J/kg·Ksourcebase material: AISI 1025 plain carbon steel (MIL-HDBK-5J design value; ASTM A108 bar is the cold-finished carbon-steel bar spec that also covers 1018) |
| Heats up and cools (diffusivity) | 2.59mm²/s | 13.6mm²/s5.25x faster |
| Thermal shock resistance | 4,825W/m | 5,473W/m13% more resistant |
| Melting point | 1,630–1,650°Csourcemelting range, wrought TIMETAL 6-4 (composition-level) | not sourced |
| Values for | EOS Titanium Ti64ELI (powder 9011-0040; ASTM F136/F3001, i.e. Grade 23) on EOS M400 SF, parameter set Ti64ELI_030_FlexM400_100, 30 µm, as built; ISO 6892-1 A14 | AISI 1018 cold drawn bar (Niagara LaSalle, cold-finished bar producer) |
Every value links to the document that states it. "Not sourced" means no citable source states it (or only a specification minimum); figures computed from it are left out too.
DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is 3D printed: its properties depend on build direction and print settings; these are typical values.
Questions
Is DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium stronger than Steel AISI 1018?
DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is stronger: its yield strength is 1,100 MPa against 372 MPa for Steel AISI 1018 (2.96x).
Which is lighter, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1018?
DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is lighter: 4,400 kg/m³ against 7,861 kg/m³ for Steel AISI 1018.
Which is stiffer, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1018?
Steel AISI 1018 is stiffer: Young's modulus 200 GPa against 110 GPa for DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium, so the same part in Steel AISI 1018 deflects less under the same load.
Which is lighter for the same job, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1018?
For the same stiffness or strength: DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is lighter for a stiff beam (bending), stiff panel or plate, strong rod or tie, strong beam, strong panel or plate; Steel AISI 1018 is lighter for a stiff rod or tie (tension).
| Part that must be | DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium | Steel AISI 1018 |
|---|---|---|
| Stiff rod or tie (tension) | 2% heavier | lighter |
| Stiff beam (bending) | lighter | 33% heavier |
| Stiff panel or plate | lighter | 46% heavier |
| Strong rod or tie | lighter | 5.28x heavier |
| Strong beam | lighter | 3.68x heavier |
| Strong panel or plate | lighter | 3.07x heavier |
For the same stiffness or strength, mass scales with density over stiffness (or strength) raised to a power set by how the part is loaded: 1 for a rod in tension, 1/2 for a beam in bending, 1/3 for a panel (the standard material-selection indices).
Which conducts heat better, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1018?
Steel AISI 1018 conducts heat better: 51.9 W/m·K against 6.6 W/m·K for DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium.
Which expands less with temperature?
DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium expands less: 9 µm/m·K against 12 µm/m·K for Steel AISI 1018.
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